Melanin
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I am now of a medium brown complexion, age 35. When I was a teenager my skin was lighter and brighter and the older I get the darker my skin is getting. I want my skin to be 2 shades lighter. Can you help? Is there a product to decrease melanin?
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Hydroquinone & Monobenzone (the monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone). These 2 prescription drugs are used to reduce hyperpigmentation. Hydroquinone when applied topically results in temporary lightening (i.e., sun exposure after discontinuation will result in tanning). Monobenzone, on the other hand causes irreversible depigmentation! Both drugs appear to work by interfering with the activity of the enzyme (tyrosinase,) needed in the synthesis of melanin.
Monobenzone, may be toxic to melanocytes and since some of the applied drug may be absorbed, it may cause depigmentation at other unwanted sites. Also, monobenzone, & hydroquinone may cause local irritation. And, with both drugs, allergic sensitization has been reported in some individuals. For these reasons, a patch test is advisable (to see if it causes local irritation in you) prior to use on the face. It can be performed by allergists, dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and internal medicine doctors.
However, caution must be exercised. Melanin is a "good" pigment. It absorbs the damaging UV radiation from the sun. Inhibiting its production robs the body of protection against skin cancer. If you do go ahead with the depigmentation, it is vitally important to apply a strong sunscreens or sunshades; SPF 15 or higher.
There are other agents available, such as Glycolic acid and Azelaic acid. These remove the top layer of the epidermis, where the melanin produced by the responsible cells (melanocytes), is deposited. These drugs can cause local irritation.
All of the aforementioned agents are available by prescription in various strengths and concentrations. Your local healthcare provider, will be glad to provide further information.
PS: Dermabrasion & chemical peels can also lighten skin color. However, in dark complexioned people, the result may be further darkening. Consult a plastic surgeon.
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